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Click here for old photographs (Any word/ name that 'Highlights' on mouse rollover - click for Profile) A History of South Cave Introduction
South Cave is a
small village and parish about three miles north of the river Humber, thirteen
miles or so from Hull and seven miles south of Market Weighton in Yorkshire
England. The most useful source of early historical information about
this particular area is Ptolemy's Geography of the early second century.
This work provides us with the names of a number of local geographical
features one of which mentions the name of the town Petuaria (Brough), Ptolemy also names other local geographical features, such as the Ocelus Promontorium
The old Roman road, from Brough (Petuaria)
to Market Weighton, would have passed the
site of the present village and being in a pleasant valley, near to the
ancient Roman station of Petuaria, (It
is interesting to note that the Tribal capital name Petuaria (Brough-on-Humber),
is derived from the Celtic 'petuario' meaning 'fourth', suggesting perhaps
four sections of a tribal territory.) it is not unlikely to assume that this place
would have been selected by officers of the Roman Legions, as a suitable place for
residence. In the doomsday book there are numerous references to South Cave amongst which is found: "Cave, land of the Archbishop of York In Cave is one carucate and six oxgangs to be taxed, where there may be one plough". Land of Earl Hugh. "In Cave, Basin and Ulf and Torchil had two Manors of six curucates and two oxgangs to be taxed and there may be four ploughs" Land of Robert Malet. "Manor in Cave had twenty curucates of land to be taxed where there may be twelve ploughs". "There is a church and a priest there and two mills, wood pastures and coppice one mile long and one broad - the whole manor seven miles long and broad". (Source From Bawdwens Translation) The Family of Cave The history of this Knightly family appears to commence in 1069 when William II, (The Caves Sellout- see photo) gave to Wyamarus, the Lordship of North and South Cave, Clyffe, Stanton and Haslosher in addition to Newland, Skally, and the Manor of Walding-Lane in Yorkshire. Some of these family members appear to have played prominent historical parts during several generations both at local and national level. Wyamarus left no issue so he deeded his property to his brother Jordayne at his death. (The Jordayne De Cave Descendant List) who after the custom of those times took the surname of Cave. The story thus unfolds: Sir Alexander de Cave during the reign of Edward II occupied an importanct position in the district and the family became connected through marriage with the ancient families of St Quintin, Metham, Broomflete, Hotham, Sturmy and Elleker. Lord Braye is descended from this ancient family through his grandmother, Sarah daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Cave. Lord Braye assumed the name and Arms of Cave. The pedigree of this family was certified by Sir William Seager, the Garter King of Arms in 1632 (This document is held in the British Museum) Much of the lineage can be seen in Burke Peerage as the lineage of Sir Mylles Cave-Brown (Source The Borthwick Institute) Charter of South Cave Little factual information appears to have survived the period 1068 - 1290, however South Cave again appears around 1291 when a charter was granted "to the Master and Brethren of the Knights Templars in England and their successors, for a market on Monday in every week at their manor in South Cave, and one fair there every year for four days, namely on the eve, day and morrow of the Holy Trinity and on one day following". Witnesses to this charter are: R Bishop of Bath and Wells and others dated at Berewyk-upon-Tweed dated 10th August 1291. It is worthy of note here that 'The Order of Knights Templars' was suppressed in 1312 and a charter was granted to Peter Deyvill for a fair and market by Richard II and by Henry IV as appears by an "inspeximus" dated 31st May 1400 with the great seal attached. The following is a translation of the Charter granted to Peter Deyvill. ' by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitain. To all Archbishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justices Sheriffs, Provosts, Officers and all Bailiffs and others his faithful subjects, greetings. Know ye that we have granted and by this our charter have confirmed to our beloved and faithful Peter Deyvill that he and his heirs for ever may have one market every week on Monday at his manor at South Cave in the county of York and one fair there every year for three days'. (Source Charter 19 Edward L No 17 Named variously spelt Deyvill, Veyvill, DeEyvill dated 7th May in the seventh year of our reign). Peter Deyvill paid to the king forty shillings for having one market and one fair at his manor in South Cave. From the record of the proceedings connected with the confirmation of the Charter in the reign of Richard II, it would appear that an Inquisition had been taken at Hull. "On Friday next before the feast of St Dunston in the twentieth year of the reign of King Richard II, after the conquest of England, before Peter de Buckton, Escheator of the Lord of the Kings in the County of York, by virtue of his office, by the oath of Richard Lehorn, John Withernwick the elder, Lawrence Drenge, Roger Fraklain, Thomas Rose of Goodmanham and John Clark of North Cave, Thomas of Ellerton, John Grigg of Ellerker, Elyat Well, Robert Dirkin, John Ellison of Hessle and Thomas Ellerton, Jurors who say upon their oath that Thomas Deyville of South Cave had and exercised one market every Monday in the week and one fair every year in the feast of Holy Trinity, at South Cave upon the grounds of the Templars therefore for twenty years past without the Kings license or special warrant and which said market and fair the said Thomas aliened in fee to Thomas of Metham, Chivaler, without the Kings License, which said market and fair were held of the Lord, the King, in capite and of the value in all issues, according to the true value thereof by the year six marks: and the said Thomas, the issues and the profits of the said market and fairs for twenty years, last passed did receive and take from whence he is responsively to the Lord the King. In testimony where-of, to this Inquisition, the jurors aforesaid have set their seal" Deyvill pleased that he ought not to account to the king and that the market and fair in the hands of the lying ought not to remain because he said that one Peter Davyll, his cousin whose heir son of William, son of Roger, son of the aforesaid Peter, was seized of the aforesaid manor of South Cave, with the appurtenances, to him and his heirs in the time of King Edward" This matter appears to have still been pending on the death of the King and in the first year of Henry IV, c.1400, it was agreed: "That the justices of our Lord and King, assigned to take the assizes in the said County of York, should be appointed to enquire all over again" The original parish was of considerable importance as mentioned in Doomsday, having possibly four resident Lords of the Manor. The manors have been held by numerous families and until c.1785 they never appear to have all been held by the same Lordship. The owners of Bailiwick or Manor Paramount with East Hall were: Robert Malet - Deyvills - Vavasours - Danbys - Harrisons - Henry Washington - Idell - Boldero Barnards. The owners of West Hall: Sir Alexander Cave - Sir Alexander Lound - Lord Sheffield - Girlingtons - Harrisons - Lloyds - Dunds - Boldero Barnards. The owners of Flaxfleet in South Cave: The Knights Templars - John Strivelyn - Stephen le Scrope - John, Earl of Bridgewater - Thomas Tyte - Sir William Holcroft - Sir John Cuttler - Edmund Lloyd - Edward Marshall - Elizabeth Marshall - Boldero Barnards. Bailiwick or Manor Paramount East Hall The original grant by William the Conqueror was to Robert Malet and the charter to Peter Deyvill Lord of the Manor for a market and fair dated c.1314. It is clear from the 'Inspeximus c.1400 the Deyvill family were still in possession. In the rein of Edward III, Thomas Deyvill was one of two Knights Templars elected as Members for Parliament for Yorkshire in 1328, 1331, 1333 The arms of the Deyvills were depicted in the windows of York Minster. (Source Drakes history of York, Parks Parliamentary representation of Yorkshire p8) The manor passed from the Deyvills to the Vavasours and in the 38th year of Elizabeth (c.1596) there appears to be a grant of a Royal License to Edward Vavasour to sell the Manor Paramount to Sir Thomas Danby of Leeds. The arms of Sir Thomas Danby dated 1586 were found some years later bearing his initials in a stable yard wall of Cave Castle. A record of his burial appears in the parish records in the year 1590. He left the manor to his son Richard who was succeeded by his son Sir Thomas Danby who died in 1660 and was followed by his son Francis Danby. Entries appear in the registers of Births and Deaths of his children from 1636 - 1646. Frances Danby the last lord of this manor died in 1663. It is not known where he is buried. The Danby family were loyalists and mortgaged their property in South Cave to Mr Jermins a sergeant at Law enabling them to pay of debts inflicted on Francis Danby by the Commissioners for Compounding during the commonwealth. The mortgage on the Danby property in South Cave passed into the hands of Francis Harrison, who as well as his son Thomas Harrison of Dancers Hill South Mimms, Hertfordshire, had previously lent various sums of money to Sir Thomas and his son Francis Danby. In the year c.1649 the Danby's agreed to sell their manor in South Cave to Harrison for £3200. Harrison paid sums amounting to £1725 and then refused to pay more. In c.1653 Francis Danby commenced a suit in Chancery "to enforce Mr Harrison either to pay the purchase money or relinquish his bargain upon being reimbursed the money by him expended and disbursed about the same. Nothing however came of this action and after Harrison's death his son Richard remained in possession. Richard married Eleanor, daughter of Sir William Lowther of Swillington Yorkshire, this union produced at least five daughters: Richard (died 16th May 1682) He and his wife Eleanor who died 23rd March 1692 are buried at South Cave. The estate went to the five daughters. Anne married Henry Fairfax of Towleston. Diana married Captain Richard Moor. Diana is buried at South Cave on 22nd January 1691. Eleanor married Henry Washington on 7th October 1689 Elizabeth married Richard Lloyd. She is buried at South Cave 13th January 1724. Mary married Charles Nodon. During research relating to the Chancery suits affecting the estate. The marriage of Eleanor and Henry Washington was the first connection of the Washington family of South Cave, consequently the old tradition that John Washington grandfather of the General emigrated from South Cave to America in 1657 may not be sustained. The South Cave Washington's may have been and probably were members of the family from which the President sprung, but it is doubtful that they were his immediate ancestors. However White's directory of Yorkshire 1840 page 180/1, makes the assumption that John Washington was born in South Cave? In c.1690 Miss Jane Danby, the only surviving heir of the former owner of the manor, probably assuming that she may have a better chance of success, filed a suit in Chancery against Richard Harrison's five co-heiresses. Henry Washington (Solicitor, and at that time Under Sheriff of Yorkshire) acted for his wife Eleanor as well as the other defendants. The case was made to drag on for numerous years and in 1694 on the death of Jane Danby the law suit was still undecided. The case was continued by Jane's cousin, Sir Abstrupus Danby, (Member of Parliament for Yorkshire from 1698) and on the 2nd July 1702, Sir Abstrupus came to an arrangement with the defendants, Washington and others by accepting a payment of £320:10s and so ended the law suit. In 1702 a deed was executed by the co-heiresses and their husbands empowering Ralph Nodon of the Middle Temple, London to sell the manor at South Cave East Hall. In 1706 Henry Washington advanced some £2850 to pay off claims of his wife's sisters. In 1707 the manor was conveyed to Henry Washington and his heirs forever. In the will of Henry Washington dated 6th October 1717, the property is to go to his wife Eleanor for life with reversion to his son Richard. He deeded £50 each to his younger children. 14th January 1719 finds that Eleanor and son Richard sell the manor to John Idell having found that Henry Washington had mortgaged the property shortly before his death. John Idell had married Henry Washington's eldest daughter. In 1748 John Idell sold the manor to Leuyns Boldero Barnard. (The present day imposing Cave-Castle now occupies this site) (Source The Barnard Papers Hull University Humad3) The Manor of West Hall This manor of West Hall at South Cave was at one time held by the Cave family whose history dates from the time of William II. During c.1316 Sir Alexander de Cave became the joint Lord of South Cave, North Cliff and South Cliff. Maude the daughter and heiress of Sir Alexander married Sir Alexander Lound of Lound Hall and of South Cave, who no doubt became the owner of the manor. There is a deed of conveyance dated 1st of November 1433. Janet the daughter of Sir Alexander Lund married Robert Sheffield ancestor of Lord Sheffield. The following is a list of tenants of the manor during the reign of Elizabeth I. The first reference to the Lords of this manor at South Cave is Edmund, third Lord of Sheffield who in the reign of James I, was constituted "President of the Council of the North". During the reign of Charles I he was created "Earl of Mulgrave. His wife is said to be Ursula, daughter of Sir Robert Tirwhit, this union produced it is believed, at least six sons. First Child. Charles who was not to survive. Second Child. Sir John Sheffield. Third Child. Edmund. Fourth Child. William (Believed to have drowned in France) Fifth Child. Philip. Sixth Child. George. Tragically, Sir John, Edmund and Phillip were drowned in a ferry accident on the River Humber. George was to break his neck in a riding accident. (Source 'The works of John Sheffield vol 2') Lord Sheffield was succeeded by the Girlington family c.1600. The first mention of the Girlington family in the parish records is c.1592 on the birth of Anthonlis Nicholas Girlington baptized 23rd April 1592. He died 14th April 1637 leaving an infant daughter Katherine Girlington b.c.1617 who succeeded him. Katherine died c. 1658. The manor was sold in 1660 to the then owner of Bailiwick or Manor Paramount with East Hall who is followed by Thomas Harrison in 1666 and Richard Harrison in 1669. When Richard Harrison died in 1682 his five daughters now appear as Ladies of the Manor. In 1669 the property was owned by Richard Lloyd and on his death his will showed that he also held land in Southwell, Nottinghamshire. He was succeeded by his son Richard who was married to Isabella Leybourne in 1717. He died 12th June 1724 and is buried at South Cave. Isabella acted as guardian to her son Richard from 1725 until 1737. The manor house for West Hall is marked on a map of the Parish dated 1759 as "Mr Lloyds House" In 1762 Richard Lloyd 'let' the West Hall Manor house to John Dunn of Howden for a term of seven years at an annual rent of £33 pa. In 1764 the entire property with all its lands in South Cave were sold to Mr Dunn for £3000. Mr Dunn held the property from 1764 - 1776 when he was succeeded by Lady of the Manor Elizabeth Dunn, spinster. In 1781 Elizabeth is succeeded by Mary Dunn, spinster, who name remained on the deeds 1781-1785 when the manor and all her property was sold to Henry Boldero Barnard, when for the first time all of the manors in South Cave came into the same hands. However, The house was left to ruin and by 1850 no trace remained. Manor of Flaxfleet The first name to come to light as Lord of the Manor is John the first Earl of Bridgwater, son of Sir Thomas Egerton, he married Frances Stanley, daughter of Ferdinando, Earl of Derby. This union produced at least four sons and eleven daughters. He died in 1649. On the 4th October in 1667 Thomas Tyte is named Lord of the Manor. He is succeeded in 1668 by Sir William Holcroft. In 1672 Sir John Cuttler was the then Lord of the Manor (Colin's peerage refers to John Cuttler as the notorious miser immortalized by Pope in his III Epistle to Allen, Lord Bathurst, on the use of 'Riches') Sir John left no issue. (Source Kimberleys Baronage) From 1693 until 1715, Edmund Lloyd is shown as the Lord of the Manor. He sold the manor to Edward Marshall of Tadcaster who died in 1742 leaving the estate to his wife Elizabeth to be sold to pay off his debts and his legacies to his three daughters, Elizabeth, Margaret and Jane, to his son Leonard and his two grandsons, both named Edward. In 1750 the sale was made according to his wishes and the property with all its lands went to the purchaser, Leuyns Boldero Barnard. The Barnard Family The original Barnard family can be traced through Holderness, Yorkshire from c.1200 and were in possession of lands at Hedon and Preston during the thirteenth century. We find that in 1296, King Edward I escheated a writ to Thomas Barnard of Holderness requesting him to pay for lands belonging to Lucie daughter and heir of John Barnard, which the King's late escheator, Thomas de Normanvill, had enclosed within the Royal Park of Burstwick. Frequent mention is made of the Barnards in old writings relating to Hedon. In 1413 Henry V confirms a charter to Hedon and Hugh Barnard is mentioned. In 1472 Thomas Barnard was elected Mayor remaining so until 1505, when the family appears to have set up residence in Hull although remaining very much in control of their many lands and property throughout England. There are numerous references to the Barnard family in St Mary's Church Beverley and Holy Trinity Church Hull. It is considered that the Barnards are indeed a very old family and that they are descended from the Danish "Balder" who settled in England during the ninth century. The first writings of the modern day family pedigree begins c. 1597, with William Barnard, Merchant of Hull, Lord of the Manor of Melton and wife Elizabeth, owning considerable lands in Holderness. In 1589 he is shown; "Chamberlain of Kingston-upon-Hull and its Mayor in 1602. It is believed that they had at least four children, Henry, Katherine, Ann and William who was also to become Mayor of Hull Yorkshire, he died 1st November 1614 and is buried along with his wife at Holy Trinity, Hull, Yorkshire. Soon after 1748 when Leuyns Boldero Barnard purchased the lands at South Cave he began to develop the land extensively (Source Poulsons History of Holderness) Leuyns Boldero (1708-1783) Baptised 6th December 1708, who came from the family of Hull merchants assumed the surname and Arms of Barnard pursuant to will of his great uncle Henry Barnard, when he inherited estates at South Cave in 1769. He began buying land at South Cave before his uncle died. He married Ann Popplewell daughter of William Popplewell of Pontefract, Yorkshire 14th September 1797. This union produced at least 4 children. Henry b.12th October 1755 d. 6th February 1815 and burried at South Cave. Leuyas Boldero b. 8th February 1758 d. c.1824 burried at St Mary's Beverley, Yorkshire. Ann Boldero born South Cave 20th September 1756 d.c.1827. Mary Boldero?. He died 6th March 1783 and is burried at St Mary's Beverley. His eldest son, Henry Boldero Barnard (born 12th October 1755 died 6th February 1815 aged 59, he is buried beneath the centre stone of the chancery of All Saints Church South Cave), expanded the estates, buying the West Hall estate of South Cave in 1784. In 1787 he built the gothic-style Cave Castle, on the site of an old castle which had established the three/four manors of Cave during the time period 1069, he lived at the castle with his wife, Sarah Elizabeth Gee (b.c.1770 d. 28th November 1831, daughter and heiress of Robert Gee , Bishop Burton. Sarah was buried at South Cave c.1832), and their four children, the eldest of whom was: Henry Gee Barnard (1789-1858).
An imposing Grade 11 listed building which was constructed in the early 19th century on the site of East Hall Manor House, one of the two former manor houses of South Cave
Cave Castle which became the primary residence of the Boldero Barnard family is situated between the Market Place and what is known as West End at South Cave.. The grounds were laid out with great taste by William Emes about 1787. About c.1860 a subterranean passage was discovered leading directly from the site of the old building, direct to the church. Engraving of cave castle c.1830
Cave castle in the year 2000 Henry Gee Barnard (1789-1828) had married Elizabeth Mary Elliot (1808-1872), (daughter of Henry Elliot of Cronmel, Ireland). Henry Gee died 23rd April 1828 and is buried at South Cave. Elizabeth Mary died in London 16th February, 1872 and is buried at South Cave. They had no children and when she died. In her will she bequeathed £1000 to the poor of South Cave, the interest to be divided between six of the poorest deserving families. (Source district probate office York)
1861 UK Census
Source UK Census 1861/RG9/3906/17 In 1872 the estate passed to her nephew, Charles Edward Gee Boldero Barnard (1822-1894) born at Brantingham East Yorkshire 23rd March 1822. He was married to Sophia Letitia Stuart (1830 Ireland -1910) on 5th June 1862 at St George's Hanover Square. Sophia Letitia was the fifth daughter of Andrew Stuart of County Tyrone. This union produced at least 3 children: Sophia (1867-1867), a son (1868-1868) and Ursula Mary Florence born 4th July 1869. Early one morning in January 1875, a fire broke out and considerable damage was caused to the building and its valuable collection of paintings. It was he who restored Cave Castle after the fire in 1875. 1891 UK Census
Source UK Census 1891/RG12/3906/17 Their one surviving child - Ursula Mary Florence (1869-1938), born at Coombe House, Gloucestershire 4th July 1869 lived at Cave Castle until 1925. UK Cenus 1901
Source 1901 UK Census RG13/4960/33 The estates were sold upon her death. The castle remained semi derelict during the period 1930-1950. It was converted to a Country Club in the mid 50,s and was a well established drinking place for the upwardly mobile of the 60's. Cave Castle has now been restored to a beautiful Manor House standing in 150 acres of parkland with it's own golf course with extensive recreational facilities. (Source The Barnard Papers Hull University Humad3) (Source The History of East Yorkshire) There used to be a railway station here on the Hull, Barnsley, and West Riding Junction railway, sadly no longer. However, about five miles distant, is the railway station of Brough on the Hull/Doncaster/Selby/Leeds branch of the modern day railway. (Source The History of East Yorkshire)
Original Gate sign from South Cave Railway Station c.1895
South Cave Railway Station 1954  South Cave Railway Station 2002
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